Tuesday, 11th November 2014, "New Prof"

The time has come... For Prof Katty (Prof. Datin Paduka Khatijah) to replace Dr Wan for exactly two weeks. 

Prof Katty is really cute for her age (But I don't even know her age x'D) Upon seeing Prof Katty, a thought crossed my mind. The lecturers here are all so... young-like haha. Like Dr Wan and now Prof Katty. Is this a lecturer's thing? Do they always have this vibe/aura/impression to all people around them? I'm wondering, really. (•ิ_•ิ)?

What's funny about Prof Katty was that today she confessed to us that she had not been lecturing for almost 7 years. "I was a good lecturer back then" she said and laughed after saying that （*⌒ヮ⌒*） and continued "Now I'm just a boring old woman" Haha. No you're not, Prof!! ʕ￫ᴥ￩ʔ

Today we learn about Genetics. Learning about genetics; DNA, RNA, replication of DNA, transcription and translation etc reminds me so much of my previous studies in Foundation in Science. Because Genetics was one of the last topics we covered on before Final Examination for Semester Two which was recent? (If April can be count as recent... Hehe) 

DNA 

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains information for the cell and genetic material. It has a double helix that is formed by hydrogen bonds between polynucleotides in which a nucleotide contains a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogen containing bases : adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). It is densely compacted into chromosomes to fit into nucleus.

DNA ---> double strands that intertwined.

• C-G pairs have 3 hydrogen bond while A-T pairs have 2 hydrogen bond.

• Purines are bases that have double ring structure : adenine, guanine 

• Pyrimidines are bases that have single ring structure : thymine, cytosine, uracil 

Nitrogenous bases

Structure  of nucleotide

• Functions of DNA :

1. Store genetic informations in the nuclei.
2. Self-duplicate when dividing.
3. Express genetic message.
4. Provides codes or template for the particular sequencing of amino acids that bond together to make a protein. 

RNA

• RNA (ribonuceic acid) is a copy of DNA that has polynucleotides in which a nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a ribose sugar and nitrogen containing bases : adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U). RNA is single stranded. It moves out of nucleus to perform protein synthesis. 

• The linkage bonding one nucleotide to a sugar is called ---->>> phosphodiester linkage. 

3'-5' phosphodiester bond

• adenine pair with uracil (A-U) while guanine pair with cytosine (G-C). 

• There are three types of RNA : messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA).  

mRNA

• Produced in the nucleus by transcription using DNA as a template. 
• Contains bases complimentary to DNA. 
• Carries DNA's message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 

rRNA

• Component of ribosomes. 
• Helps in protein synthesis by decoding mRNA into amino acids. 

tRNA

• Delivers individual amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. 

And we learned about DNA replication which I'm recommending you to see this video. 

:D